diff --git a/__pkginfo__.py b/__pkginfo__.py
index 2c211f66..72659671 100644
--- a/__pkginfo__.py
+++ b/__pkginfo__.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ entry_points={
     ]}
 ftp_url            = None
 install_requires   = ['spark-parser >= 1.4.0',
-                      'xdis >= 3.1.0']
+                      'xdis >= 3.2.0']
 license            = 'MIT'
 mailing_list       = 'python-debugger@googlegroups.com'
 modname            = 'uncompyle6'
diff --git a/uncompyle6/parser.py b/uncompyle6/parser.py
index 1ab82008..5e6a0329 100644
--- a/uncompyle6/parser.py
+++ b/uncompyle6/parser.py
@@ -623,7 +623,8 @@ def get_python_parser(
         import uncompyle6.parsers.parse3 as parse3
         if version == 3.1:
             if compile_mode == 'exec':
-                p = parse3.Python31Parser(debug_parser)
+                import uncompyle6.parsers.parse31 as parse31
+                p = parse31.Python31Parser(debug_parser)
             else:
                 p = parse3.Python31ParserSingle(debug_parser)
         elif version == 3.2:
diff --git a/uncompyle6/parsers/parse3.py b/uncompyle6/parsers/parse3.py
index e9d55199..da218ca4 100644
--- a/uncompyle6/parsers/parse3.py
+++ b/uncompyle6/parsers/parse3.py
@@ -693,40 +693,10 @@ class Python32Parser(Python3Parser):
         """
     pass
 
-class Python31Parser(Python32Parser):
-
-    def p_31(self, args):
-        """
-        binary_subscr2 ::= expr expr DUP_TOPX BINARY_SUBSCR
-
-        setupwith      ::= DUP_TOP LOAD_ATTR store LOAD_ATTR CALL_FUNCTION_0 POP_TOP
-        setupwithas    ::= DUP_TOP LOAD_ATTR store LOAD_ATTR CALL_FUNCTION_0 store
-        withstmt       ::= expr setupwith SETUP_FINALLY
-                           suite_stmts_opt
-                           POP_BLOCK LOAD_CONST COME_FROM_FINALLY
-                           load del_stmt WITH_CLEANUP END_FINALLY
-
-        # Keeps Python 3.1 withas desigator in the same position as it is in other version
-        setupwithas31  ::= setupwithas SETUP_FINALLY load del_stmt
-
-        withasstmt     ::= expr setupwithas31 designator
-                           suite_stmts_opt
-                           POP_BLOCK LOAD_CONST COME_FROM_FINALLY
-                           load del_stmt WITH_CLEANUP END_FINALLY
-
-        store ::= STORE_FAST
-        store ::= STORE_NAME
-        load  ::= LOAD_FAST
-        load  ::= LOAD_NAME
-        """
-
 class Python3ParserSingle(Python3Parser, PythonParserSingle):
     pass
 
 
-class Python31ParserSingle(Python31Parser, PythonParserSingle):
-    pass
-
 class Python32ParserSingle(Python32Parser, PythonParserSingle):
     pass
 
diff --git a/uncompyle6/parsers/parse31.py b/uncompyle6/parsers/parse31.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e615f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uncompyle6/parsers/parse31.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#  Copyright (c) 2016 Rocky Bernstein
+"""
+spark grammar differences over Python 3.2 for Python 3.1.
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+from uncompyle6.parser import PythonParserSingle
+from uncompyle6.parsers.parse3 import Python32Parser
+
+class Python31Parser(Python32Parser):
+
+    def p_31(self, args):
+        """
+        binary_subscr2 ::= expr expr DUP_TOPX BINARY_SUBSCR
+
+        setupwith      ::= DUP_TOP LOAD_ATTR store LOAD_ATTR CALL_FUNCTION_0 POP_TOP
+        setupwithas    ::= DUP_TOP LOAD_ATTR store LOAD_ATTR CALL_FUNCTION_0 store
+        withstmt       ::= expr setupwith SETUP_FINALLY
+                           suite_stmts_opt
+                           POP_BLOCK LOAD_CONST COME_FROM_FINALLY
+                           load del_stmt WITH_CLEANUP END_FINALLY
+
+        # Keeps Python 3.1 withas desigator in the same position as it is in other version
+        setupwithas31  ::= setupwithas SETUP_FINALLY load del_stmt
+
+        withasstmt     ::= expr setupwithas31 designator
+                           suite_stmts_opt
+                           POP_BLOCK LOAD_CONST COME_FROM_FINALLY
+                           load del_stmt WITH_CLEANUP END_FINALLY
+
+        store ::= STORE_FAST
+        store ::= STORE_NAME
+        load  ::= LOAD_FAST
+        load  ::= LOAD_NAME
+
+        funcdef ::= mkfunc designator
+        """
+
+class Python31ParserSingle(Python31Parser, PythonParserSingle):
+    pass